when science meets nature

Public studies on ingredients
Animal Study, Bacterial, Human In Vitro, Human Study, In Vitro Study. 


  Turmeric (Curcuma longa)   

Research & Studies 


Turmeric

There are 2518 good studies at Turmeric. Here's a selection:
Abstracts with Turmeric Research 

2013
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits inflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products and induces death receptors leading to suppressed proliferation, induced chemosensitization, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis
Published in final edited form as:
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2012 Mar; 56(3): 454-465.
Published online 2011 Dec 7. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201100270
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is significantly lower in regions where turmeric is heavily consumed. Whether lower cancer incidence is due to turmeric was investigated by examining its effects on tumor cell proliferation, on pro-inflammatory transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3, and on associated gene products.
Methods and results
Cell proliferation and cell cytotoxicity were measured by the MTT method, NF-κB activity by EMSA, protein expression by Western blot analysis, ROS generation by FACS analysis, and osteoclastogenesis by TRAP assay. Turmeric inhibited NF-κB activation and down-regulated NF-κB-regulated gene products linked to survival (Bcl-2, cFLIP, XIAP, and cIAP1), proliferation (cyclin D1 and c-Myc), and metastasis (CXCR4) of cancer cells. The spice suppressed the activation of STAT3, and induced the death receptors (DR)4 and DR5. Turmeric enhanced the production of ROS, and suppressed the growth of tumor cell lines. Furthermore, turmeric sensitized the tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents capecitabine and taxol. Turmeric was found to be more potent than pure curcumin for cell growth inhibition. Turmeric also inhibited NF-κB activation induced by RANKL that correlated with the suppression of osteoclastogenesis.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that turmeric can effectively block the proliferation of tumor cells through the suppression of NF-κB and STAT3 pathways.
Keywords: Death receptor, NF-κB, Osteoclastogenesis, STAT3, Turmeric

MORE:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3392043/


2015
Curcumin administration reduces depressive symptoms in patients with major depression.
Abstract Title:
The Role of Curcumin Administration in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Mini Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.
Abstract Source:
Phytother Res. 2015 Nov 27. Epub 2015 Nov 27. PMID: 26610378
Abstract Author(s):
Dalia Al-Karawi, Doaa Alem Al Mamoori, Yaman Tayyar
Article Affiliation:
Dalia Al-Karawi
Abstract:
Major depression is a common, recurrent, and chronic disease that negatively affects the quality of life and increases the risk of mortality. Several studies have demonstrated that curcumin, the yellow-pigmented substance of the turmeric, possesses antidepressant properties. The aim of this review is to meta-analytically assess the antidepressant effect of curcumin in patients with major depressive disorders. We extensively searched the literature until August 2015. The random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled standardized difference of means (SMD). Subgroup analyses were also performed to examine the effect of different study characteristics on the overall model. Six clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Overall, curcumin administration showed a significantly higher reduction in depression symptoms [SMD = -0.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.56, -0.13; p = 0.002]. Subgroup analyses showed that curcumin had the highest effect when given to middle-aged patients (SMD = -0.36; 95% CI = -0.59; -0.13; p = 0.002), for longer duration of administration (SMD = -0.40; 95% CI = -0.64, -0.16; p = 0.001), and at higher doses (SMD = -0.36; 95% CI = -0.59, -0.13; p = 0.002). The administration of new formulation of curcumin (BCM-95) had non-significantly higher effect on depression as compared with the conventional curcumin-piperine formula. We conclude that there is supporting evidence that curcumin administration reduces depressive symptoms in patients with major depression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
Article Published Date : Nov 26, 2015
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Substances : Curcumin : CK(4417) : AC(2300)
Diseases : Depression : CK(2043) : AC(290), Depressive Disorder : CK(426) : AC(60)
Pharmacological Actions : Antidepressive Agents : CK(1115) : AC(168)
Additional Keywords : Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(3038) : AC(366)

2016
Meta-analysis: curcumin down-regulates inteleukin-6.
Abstract Title:
EFFECT OF CURCUMIN ON CIRCULATING INTERLEUKIN-6 CONCENTRATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS.
Abstract Source:
Pharmacol Res. 2016 Jul 5. Epub 2016 Jul 5. PMID: 27392742
Abstract Author(s):
Giuseppe Derosa, Pamela Maffioli, Luis E Simental-Mendía, Simona Bo, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Article Affiliation:
Giuseppe Derosa
Abstract:
The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of curcuminoids supplementation on circulating concentrations of IL-6 in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The search included PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases by up to November 01, 2015, to identify RCTs investigating the impact of curcuminoids on circulating IL-6 concentrations. Nine RCTs comprising 10 treatment arms were found to be eligible for the meta-analysis. There was a significant reduction of circulating IL-6 concentrations following curcuminoids supplementation (WMD: -0.60pg/mL, 95% CI: -1.06, -0.14, p=0.011). Meta-regression did not suggest any significant association between the circulating IL-6 lowering effects of curcuminoids with either dose or duration of treatment. There was a significant association between the IL-6-lowering activity of curcumin and baseline IL-6 concentration (slope: -0.51; 95% CI: -0.80, -0.23; p=0.005). This meta-analysis of RCTs suggested a significant effect of curcumin in lowering circulating IL-6 concentrations. This effect appears to be more evident in patients with higher degrees of systemic inflammation.
Article Published Date : Jul 04, 2016
Study Type : Meta Analysis
Additional Links
Substances : Curcumin : CK(4417) : AC(2300)
Diseases : Inflammation : CK(3240) : AC(882)
Pharmacological Actions : Interleukin-6 Downregulation : CK(1137) : AC(354)
____________________________________________
2015

A bioavailable form of curcumin is well-tolerated and can positively influence weight management in overweight people.
Abstract Title:
Potential role of bioavailable curcumin in weight loss and omental adipose tissue decrease: preliminary data of a randomized, controlled trial in overweight people with metabolic syndrome. Preliminary study.
Abstract Source:
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Nov ;19(21):4195-202. PMID: 26592847
Abstract Author(s):
F Di Pierro, A Bressan, D Ranaldi, G Rapacioli, L Giacomelli, A Bertuccioli
Article Affiliation:
F Di Pierro
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: This randomized, controlled study aims to evaluate the tolerability and the efficacy of curcumin in overweight subjects affected from metabolic syndrome, with a focus on impaired glucose intolerance and android-type fat accumulation.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four subjects, selected among those who after 30 days of diet and intervention lifestyle have shown a weight loss<2%, have been treated for further 30 days either with curcumin complexed with phosphatidylserine in phytosome form or with pure phosphatidylserine. Outcomes concerning anthropometric measurements and body composition were analyzed at enrollment and after 30 and 60 days.
RESULTS: Curcumin administration increased weight loss from 1.88 to 4.91%, enhanced percentage reduction of body fat (from 0.70 to 8.43%), increased waistline reduction (from 2.36 to 4.14%), improved hip circumference reduction from 0.74 to 2.51% and enhanced reduction of BMI (from 2.10 to 6.43%) (p<0.01 for all comparisons). Phosphatidylserine did not show any statistical significant effect. Tolerability was very good for both treatments, and no drop-out was reported.
CONCLUSIONS: Although preliminary, our findings suggest that a bioavailable form of curcumin is well-tolerated and can positively influence weight management in overweight people.
Article Published Date : Oct 31, 2015
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Curcumin : CK(4417) : AC(2300)
Diseases : Metabolic Syndrome X : CK(916) : AC(158), Obesity : CK(2443) : AC(521), Overweight : CK(3643) : AC(612)
Additional Keywords : Anti-Obesity Agents : CK(979) : AC(259)
____________________________________________
You will find much more in the following links on the Turmeric:
https://www.greenmedinfo.com/substance/turmeric
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/?term=Turmeric

____________________________________________

The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and behavioral changes. It is the most common type of pre-senile and senile dementia.

2016
A combination of curcumin and fennel essential oil significantly improved symptoms and quality of life in IBS patients over 30 days.
Abstract Title:
Curcumin and Fennel Essential Oil Improve Symptoms and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Abstract Source:
J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2016 Jun ;25(2):151-7. PMID: 27308645
Abstract Author(s):
Piero Portincasa, Leonilde Bonfrate, Maria Lia Lia Scribano, Anna Kohn, Nicola Caporaso, Davide Festi, Maria Chiara Campanale, Teresa Di Rienzo, Maria Guarino, Martina Taddia, Maria Vittoria Fogli, Maria Grimaldi, Antonio Gasbarrini
Article Affiliation:
Piero Portincasa
Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients still require effective treatment. The anti-inflammatory property of curcumin and the antispasmodic and carminative effect of fennel suggests that combination of these nutraceutical compounds would be useful in functional bowel disorders including IBS. We assessed the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of curcumin and fennel essential oil (CU-FEO) in IBS symptoms relief.
METHODS: 121 patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms of IBS defined by an Irritable Bowel Syndrome- symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) 100-300 and abdominal pain score 30-70 on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), were randomly assigned to CU-FEO or placebo (2 capsules b.d. for 30 days). Primary endpoint was the mean decrease of IBS-SSS at the end of the treatment corrected for the mean baseline score (relative decrease). The impact of the treatment on quality of life was assessed through IBS-QoL questionnaire.
RESULTS: CU-FEO was safe, well-tolerated and induced symptom relief in patients with IBS; a significant decrease in the mean relative IBS-SSS was observed after 30 days of treatment (50.05 +/- 28.85% vs 26.12 +/- 30.62%, P<0.001). This result matched the reduction of abdominal pain and all the other symptoms of IBS-SSS. The percentage of symptom-free patients was significantly higher in the CU-FEO than in the placebo group (25.9% vs. 6.8%, P = 0.005). All domains of IBS-QoL improved consistently.
CONCLUSION: CU-FEO significantly improved symptoms and quality of life in IBS patients over 30 days.
Article Published Date : May 31, 2016
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Curcumin : CK(4417) : AC(2300), Fennel : CK(168) : AC(28)
Diseases : Irritable Bowel Syndrome : CK(720) : AC(93)
Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents : CK(4861) : AC(1630)
Additional Keywords : Essential Oils : CK(181) : AC(69), Natural Substance Synergy : CK(540) : AC(249), Significant Treatment Outcome : CK(3038) : AC(366)

2009
A combination of Saw Palmetto, Nettle, Curcumin and Quercetin significantly improves treatment outcome of prulifloxacin in bacterial prostatitis patients.
Abstract Title:
Serenoa repens associated with Urtica dioica (ProstaMEV) and curcumin and quercitin (FlogMEV) extracts are able to improve the efficacy of prulifloxacin in bacterial prostatitis patients: results from a prospective randomised study.
Abstract Source:
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 Jun;33(6):549-53. Epub 2009 Jan 31. PMID: 19181486
Abstract Author(s):
Tommaso Cai, Sandra Mazzoli, Adriano Bechi, Patrizia Addonisio, Nicola Mondaini, Roberto Castricchi Pagliai, Riccardo Bartoletti
Abstract:
We report the results of a prospective randomised study to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Serenoa repens, Urtica dioica (ProstaMEV), quercitin and curcumin (FlogMEV) extracts associated with prulifloxacin in patients affected by chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). From a whole population of 284 patients, 143 patients affected by CBP [National Institutes of Health (NIH) class II prostatitis] were enrolled. All patients received prulifloxacin 600 mg daily for 14 days, in accordance with antibiogram results. Patients were split into two groups: Group A received prulifloxacin associated with ProstaMEV and FlogMEV; Group B received only antibiotic therapy. Microbiological and clinical efficacies were tested by two follow-up visits at 1 month and 6 months, respectively. Quality of life (QoL) was measured using the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) and International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaires. Group A comprised 106 patients and Group B comprised 37 patients. One month after treatment, 89.6% of patients who had received prulifloxacin associated with ProstaMEV and FlogMEV did not report any symptoms related to CBP, whilst only 27% of patients who received antibiotic therapy alone were recurrence-free (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were found between groups in terms of symptoms and QoL (P < 0.0001 for both). Six months after treatment, no patients in Group A had recurrence of disease whilst two patients in Group B did. Questionnaire results demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups (all P < 0.001). The association of S. repens, U. dioica (ProstaMEV), quercitin and curcumin (FlogMEV) extracts is able to improve the clinical efficacy of prulifloxacin in patients affected by CBP.
Article Published Date : Jun 01, 2009
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Curcumin : CK(4417) : AC(2300), Nettle : CK(184) : AC(73), Quercetin : CK(716) : AC(335), Saw Palmetto : CK(152) : AC(23)
Diseases : Prostatitis: Chronic : CK(71) : AC(12)
Additional Keywords : Drug-Plant-Vitamin Synergies : CK(965) : AC(266)


2015
Addition of curcumin on top of the standard anti-helicobacter regimen in patients with PU is safe and improves dyspepsia symptoms.

Addition of curcumin on top of the standard anti-helicobacter regimen in patients with PU is safe and improves dyspepsia symptoms.

Addition of curcumin on top of the standard anti-helicobacter regimen in patients with PU is safe and improves dyspepsia symptoms
Addition of curcumin on top of the standard anti-helicobacter regimen in patients with PU is safe and improves dyspepsia symptoms

Abstract Title:
Adjunctive Therapy with Curcumin for Peptic Ulcer: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Abstract Source:
Drug Res (Stuttg). 2016 Jun 28. Epub 2016 Jun 28. PMID: 27351245
Abstract Author(s):
A Khonche, O Biglarian, Y Panahi, G Valizadegan, S S Soflaei, M E Ghamarchehreh, M Majeed, A Sahebkar
Article Affiliation:
A Khonche
Abstract:
Background: Curcumin, the bioactive ingredient of turmeric, has been shown to improve the treatment of peptic ulcer (PU) in animal studies. However, clinical studies confirming this effect of curcumin have been scant. Objective: To assess the efficacy of adjunctive therapy with curcumin on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and severity of dyspepsia in patients with PU. Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group trial, patients diagnosed with PU were assigned to standard H. pylori eradication triple therapy with clarithromycin (500 mg b.i.d.), amoxicillin (1 000 mg b.i.d.) and pantoprazole (40 mg b.i.d.), and randomized to receive either curcumin (500 mg/day) or placebo as adjunct to standard treatment. Severity of dyspepsia symptoms was evaluated using the Hong Kong dyspepsia index (HKDI). Eradication of H. pyloriinfection was assessed using the urea breath test (UBT) at 4 weeks following the end of treatment. Results: Adjunctive therapy with curcumin was associated with a greater improvement of dyspepsia symptoms according to the HKDI score (change score: -12.90±2.81 vs. -9.60±3.39 in the curcumin and control group, respectively; p<0.001). The number of subjects whose dyspepsia was resolved during the course of treatment was significantly higher in the curcumin (27.6%) vs. placebo (6.7%) group (p=0.042). Nevertheless, the results of UBT test showed equal rate (73.3%) of H. pylori eradication in the study groups. Curcumin was safe during the course of trial. Conclusion: Addition of curcumin on top of the standard anti-helicobacter regimen in patients with PU is safe and improves dyspepsia symptoms but has no enhancing effect on the eradication of H. pylori infection.
Article Published Date : Jun 27, 2016
Study Type : Human Study
Additional Links
Substances : Curcumin : CK(4417) : AC(2300)
Diseases : Helicobacter Pylori Infection : CK(506) : AC(104), Peptic Ulcer : CK(464) : AC(127)


Turmeric: Orange Is The New Black For Pain
Turmeric: Orange Is The New Black For Pain
Turmeric May Repair and Regenerate Diabetic Liver Function
Turmeric May Repair and Regenerate Diabetic Liver Function
French hospital researchers have confirmed that a combination of herbs together with bromelain from pineapples can significantly reduce joint pain from osteoarthritis.
French hospital researchers have confirmed that a combination of herbs together with bromelain from pineapples can significantly reduce joint pain from osteoarthritis.
A Radically New Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease Causes and Cures
A Radically New Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease Causes and Cures
Beneficial dietary effect of turmeric and sulphur on weight gain, fat deposition and lipid profile of serum and liver in rats. Effect of turmeric and sulphur on the retroperitoneal and epididymal fat deposition in rats during 6 weeks feeding trial. a, b, c significantly different at p 
Beneficial dietary effect of turmeric and sulphur on weight gain, fat deposition and lipid profile of serum and liver in rats. Effect of turmeric and sulphur on the retroperitoneal and epididymal fat deposition in rats during 6 weeks feeding trial. a, b, c significantly different at p < 0.05 level by Duncan’s multiple range test. All the values are mean ± S.D (n = 5). CON: control diet; HFD: high fat diet; T: 10% turmeric powder added to HFD; TS: 10% turmeric powder, 0.19% processed sulphur added to HFD; S: 0.38% processed sulphur added to HFD Jin-Gyu Kim, et al. J Food Sci Technol. 2014 Apr;51(4):774-779.
Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. a Serum PSA levels at the baseline (pre) and after administration of isoflavones (40 mg/day) and curcumin (100 mg/day) supplements or placebo (post) for 6 months in participants with PSA 
Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. a Serum PSA levels at the baseline (pre) and after administration of isoflavones (40 mg/day) and curcumin (100 mg/day) supplements or placebo (post) for 6 months in participants with PSA < 10 or PSA ≥10 [reprinted with permission from Ide et al., (2010), Prostate, John Wiley and Sons ()]. b Effects of turmeric extract, turmeric oil, and turmeric oleoresin on micronuclei formation in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of patients with oral submucous fibrosis [reprinted from Cancer Letters, vol 116, Hastak et al., Effect of turmeric oil and turmeric oleoresin on cytogenetic damage in patients suffering from oral submucous fibrosis, pages 265–269, copyright (1997), with permission from Elsevier ()]. PSA, prostate-specific antigen Subash C. Gupta, et al. AAPS J. 2013 Jan;15(1):195-218
Pre-administration of turmeric prevents methotrexate-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress. Effect of turmeric and methotrexate on body weight, liver weight, and liver weight/body weight ratio. a The body weight, (b) liver weight, and (c) body weight/liver weight ratio are shown. Values of body weight and liver weight are shown as mean ± S.D.* P 
Pre-administration of turmeric prevents methotrexate-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress. Effect of turmeric and methotrexate on body weight, liver weight, and liver weight/body weight ratio. a The body weight, (b) liver weight, and (c) body weight/liver weight ratio are shown. Values of body weight and liver weight are shown as mean ± S.D.* P < 0.01 compared with control, ** P < 0.05 compared with control, *** P < 0.05 compared with MTX group Adel Rezaei Moghadam, et al. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:246.
Effect of spent turmeric on kidney glycoconjugates in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Effect of spent turmeric on sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of renal tissue in control and diabetic rats. A - Total GAG, B - Heparan Sulphate, C - Chondroitin Sulpahte. Values are the average of triplicates of 6 pooled samples in control and 8 pooled samples in diabetic rats. Gurusiddaiah Suresh Kumar, et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13:78-78
Effect of spent turmeric on kidney glycoconjugates in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Effect of spent turmeric on sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of renal tissue in control and diabetic rats. A - Total GAG, B - Heparan Sulphate, C - Chondroitin Sulpahte. Values are the average of triplicates of 6 pooled samples in control and 8 pooled samples in diabetic rats. Gurusiddaiah Suresh Kumar, et al. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13:78-78
urmeric extract and its active compound, curcumin, protect against chronic CCl4-induced liver damage by enhancing antioxidation. Turmeric extract and curcumin protect the liver from CCl4-induced oxidative stress. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (0.1 mL/100 g body weight) every other day for 4 weeks. Turmeric extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) and curcumin (200 mg/kg) were given once daily. After liver samples were collected from all sacrificed animals, the levels of SOD (a) and GPx (b) were measured. # p 
urmeric extract and its active compound, curcumin, protect against chronic CCl4-induced liver damage by enhancing antioxidation. Turmeric extract and curcumin protect the liver from CCl4-induced oxidative stress. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (0.1 mL/100 g body weight) every other day for 4 weeks. Turmeric extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) and curcumin (200 mg/kg) were given once daily. After liver samples were collected from all sacrificed animals, the levels of SOD (a) and GPx (b) were measured. # p < 0.05 vs. the CCl4 group Hwa-Young Lee, et al. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16(1):316

271 Pharmacological Actions Researched for Turmeric.
Antioxidants394841
Anti-Inflammatory Agents301838
Apoptotic457590
Antiproliferative348486
Neuroprotective Agents217374
Antineoplastic Agents258371
NF-kappaB Inhibitor244352
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Alpha Inhibitor145308
Hepatoprotective131298
Chemopreventive136238
Anticarcinogenic Agents88167
Enzyme Inhibitors100162
Interleukin-6 Downregulation62155
Cell cycle arrest115139
Cardioprotective52130
Anti-metastatic82113
Analgesics18111
Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors70109
Chemosensitizer95108
Hypoglycemic Agents26103
Hypolipidemic30101
Antidepressive Agents1899
Renoprotective4897
Interleukin-1 beta downregulation4090
Anti-Bacterial Agents4375
Anti-Apoptotic4274
Antiviral Agents5074
Malondialdehyde Down-regulation1969
Superoxide Dismutase Up-regulation2269
Radioprotective2765
Immunomodulatory2862
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Upregulation5062
Antihypertensive Agents952
Antimicrobial1448
Chemotherapeutic3348
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor3348
MicroRNA modulator3548
Nitric Oxide Inhibitor2048
Anti-Angiogenic3447
Chemoprotective Agents2344
Genoprotective2040
Prostaglandin PGE2 downregulation1437
Bcl-2 protein down-regulation2334
Interleukin-8 downregulation1834
Cytoprotective1933
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibitor2133
Nrf2 activation1633
Radiosensitizer2633
Antimutagenic Agents1631
Cholagogues and Choleretics330
Anti-Fibrotic1929
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Inhibitor2028
Interleukin-4 downregulation526
Anticholesteremic Agents824
Anti-atherogenic323
Catalase Up-Regulation423
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitors1223
Anti-Anxiety Agents222
Gastroprotective1122
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) inhibitor722
Anticonvulsants920
Heat Shock Protein Inducer1320
anti-inflammatory120
Anti-Allergic Agents1119
Caspase-3 Activation1119
Anti-Proliferative1517
Antifungal Agents1517
Proteasome Inhibitors1217
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway modulation1017
Anti-Ulcer Agents916
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor1416
Immunostimulatory716
Angiogenesis Inhibitors1015
Interleukin-10 upregulation415
Antiparasitic Agents914
Interleukin-17 downregulation314
Antimalarials1113
Regenerative713
Anti-Tumor912
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors812
Histone deacetylase inhibitor1212
Interleukin-10 downregulation712
Neurogenesis712
Nitric Oxide Enhancer212
Adiponectin upregulation211
Antinoceceptive611
Lipoxygenase Inhibitors1011
Photoprotective211
Antitubercular Agents110
Dermatologic Agents110
Immunosuppressive Agents710
Insulin Sensitizers510
Interleukin-22 Downregulation110
P21 Activation610
Phosphorylase Kinase Inhibitors110
VEGFR3 inhibition110
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor59
Cytotoxic89
Oncogene Suppressor69
SIRT1 Activator59
Bax/Bcl2 ratio: Increase48
Heme oxygenase-1 up-regulation58
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors38
Vasodilator Agents48
Cardiovascular Agents47
Cyclooxygenase 1 Inhibitor77
Detoxifier47
Leishmanicidal67
Multidrug Resistance Gene Modulators67
Protein Kinase Inhibitors67
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) inhibitor47
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor36
Anti-Glycation Agents26
Anti-Platelet56
Autophagy Up-regulation56
Glutathione Upregulation26
Neuritogenic46
Postaglandin PGE2 downregulation46
STAT3 Inhibitor56
Telomerase Inhibitor66
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Inhibitor56
Wnt/β-catenin pathway down-regulation56
Adiponectin Down-Regulation15
Anti-Retroviral Agents15
Bax/Bcl2 Ratio: Decrease35
Heme oxygenase-1 inducer45
Interferon Gamma Reducer35
Photosensitizing Agents45
Prophylactic Agents35
Spermicidal Activity15
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors34
Anti-pyretic24
Anti-thrombotic14
Antiprotozoal Agents24
Antispasmodic24
Cell Differentiation Inducer34
Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists24
Gastrointestinal Agents24
Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) Inhibitor14
Monoaminergic24
Neurorestorative24
Survivin Down-Regulation34
Thromboxane (TXB) Inhibitors14
Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Modulator34
AMP-activated protein kinase modulation23
Anti-Adipogenic23
Anti-Infective Agents23
Caspase-9 Activation33
Drug synergy23
Estrogen Receptor Modulators23
Insect Repellents13
Insecticidal23
Leptin Down-Regulation23
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibitor23
AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitor22
Adenosine deaminase inhibitor12
Analgesics: Non-Narcotic12
Analgesics: Opioid12
Androgen Antagonists12
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents12
Anti-Androgen12
Anti-Asthmatic Agents12
Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Non-Steroidal12
Antimycobacterial12
Antioxidant Effects12
Anxiolytic12
Autophagy Inhibitors12
Bcl-xL down-regulation12
Calcium Channel Blockers22
Cholinesterase Inhibitors12
Gluconeogenesis Inhibitor22
Glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) expression down-regulation12
Glucose transporter-5 (GLUT5) expression down-regulation12
Glutathione S-transferase Inhibitor22
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) Inhibitor22
HIV Protease Inhibitors22
Heat Shock Protein Down-Regulation22
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) inhibitor12
Histamine H2 Antagonists22
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) inhibitor12
Insulin Receptor Modulator12
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Inhibition/Downregulation22
Insulin-releasing12
Interleukin-2 Downregulation12
Interleukin-21 downregulation12
Interleukin-4 upregulation12
Iron Chelating Agents12
Lipolytic12
Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibitors12
Metal Chelation: Copper12
Muscarinic Agonists12
Myorelaxant12
NF-E2-Related Factor-2 (Nrf2) Modulator22
NF-kappa-B-inducing kinase (NIK) modulator12
Neuromodulatory12
Pancreato Protective Agents22
Phase II Detoxification Enzyme Inducer12
Prostaglandin Antagonists12
Proton Pump Inhibitor12
Redox Modulator12
Remyelination12
Schistosomicides12
Serotonin Agonists12
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C Inhibitor12
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Regulator12
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) inhibitor22
Vasoprotective12
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor22
Akt-SREBP-1 activater11
Aldose reductase inhibitor11
Alpha-amylase inhibitor11
Anti-HIV Agents11
Anti-Infective Agents: Urinary11
Antibiotics: Antifungal11
Antidepressive Agents: Second-Generation11
Antilipolytic11
Appetite Suppresant11
Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II inhibitor11
Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist/Inverse Agonist11
Carbonyl Reductase 1Inhibitor11
Cyclin D1 Down-Regulation11
Enzyme Activators11
Eryptotic11
Expectorants11
Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors11
Food Preservatives11
Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) expression down-regulation11
Glyoxalase 1 inhibitor11
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Inhibitor11
Hypomethylating11
Hypotensive11
Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) inhibitor11
IRAK-MAPK Modulator11
Immunomodulatory: Th17 downregulation11
Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Kinase (IKK)11
Interleukin-12 downregulation11
Interleukin-18 down-regulation11
Interleukin-5 downregulation11
Interleukin-6 upregulation11
Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)11
Leukotriene B4 downregulation11
Leukotriene C4 Downregulation11
Maspin (Protease Inhibitor) Up-Regulation11
Mast Cell Activation Inhibitor11
Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) Inhibitor11
Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) inhibitor11
Matrix metalloproteinase-16 (MMP-16) inhibitor11
Matrix metalloproteinase-17 (MMP-17) inhibitor11
Muscle Relaxants: Central11
Neuroplasticity enhancement11
Nonpeptidyl Inhibitors11
Osteoprotective11
P-glycoprotein Inhibitors11
P16 Activation11
PI3K-AKT inhibitor11
PRL-3 Down-Regulation11
Palmitoylation Inhibitors11
Paraptosis11
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors11
Phospholipase D Inhibitors11
Protease Inhibitors11
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) attenuation11
Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) gene expression11
S-phase kinase associated protein 2 inhibition11
STAT3-NFκB Signaling: downregulation11
Scolicidal11
Secretagogue11
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 Inhibition11
Trypanocidal Agents11
apoptosis11
β-secretase Inhibitor11






Turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits inflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products and induces death receptors leading to suppressed proliferation, induced chemosensitization, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. Effect of turmeric on tumor cell proliferation
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits inflammatory nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene products and induces death receptors leading to suppressed proliferation, induced chemosensitization, and suppressed osteoclastogenesis. Effect of turmeric on tumor cell proliferation
Neuritic plaques are one of the characteristic structural abnormalities found in the brains of Alzheimer patients
Neuritic plaques are one of the characteristic structural abnormalities found in the brains of Alzheimer patients

Curcumin (Curcuma longa) is the source of the spice Turmeric and is used in curries and other spicy dishes from India, Asia and the Middle East. Similar to many other herbal remedies, people first used curcumin as a food and later discovered that it also had impressive medicinal qualities. It has been used for centuries as a pain relieving, anti-inflammatory agent to relieve pain and inflammation in the skin and muscles. Curcumin holds a high place in Ayurvedic medicine as a "cleanser of the body," and today, science is finding a growing list of diseased conditions that can be healed by the active ingredients of turmeric. 

Turmeric, (2b) Turmeric plant, (2c) Keto and enol form of curcumin
Turmeric, (2b) Turmeric plant, (2c) Keto and enol form of curcumin

Curcumin and Alzheimer's Disease
Worldwide, there are over 1000 published animal and human studies, both in vivo and in vitro in which the effects of curcumin on various diseases have been examined. Studies include epidemiological, basic and clinical research on AD. 

Different mechanisms of action of curcumin in AD
Different mechanisms of action of curcumin in AD

Effects of Curcumin on Macrophages
A study conducted at UCLA found that curcumin may help the macrophages to clear the amyloid plaques found in Alzheimer's disease. Macrophages play an important role in the immune system. They help the body to fight against foreign proteins and then effectively clear them. Curcumin was treated with macrophages in blood taken from nine volunteers: six AD patients and three healthy controls. Beta amyloid was then introduced. The AD patients, whose macrophages were treated with curcumin, when compared with patients whose macrophages were not treated with curcumin, showed an improved uptake and ingestion of the plaques. Thus, curcumin may support the immune system to clear the amyloid protein.
MORE:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781139/ 

Schematic representation of the beneficial effects of turmeric on MTX induced liver toxicity. Turmeric plays an important role in modification of liver injury caused by MTX. The turmeric mostly exerts its effects by regulation of antioxidant capacity including enzymatic (SOD and CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH) as well as lipid peroxidation. It also modulates some liver related biochemical parameters causing in improvement of biliary and hepatic synthetic functions. Interestingly turmeric can normalize the histological changes in hepatocytes induced by MTX such as decrease in periportal degeneration, hyperemia, necrosis, and prevention of inflammatory cells infiltration
Schematic representation of the beneficial effects of turmeric on MTX induced liver toxicity. Turmeric plays an important role in modification of liver injury caused by MTX. The turmeric mostly exerts its effects by regulation of antioxidant capacity including enzymatic (SOD and CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH) as well as lipid peroxidation. It also modulates some liver related biochemical parameters causing in improvement of biliary and hepatic synthetic functions. Interestingly turmeric can normalize the histological changes in hepatocytes induced by MTX such as decrease in periportal degeneration, hyperemia, necrosis, and prevention of inflammatory cells infiltration
Dietary supplementation of ginger and turmeric improves reproductive function in hypertensive male rats. Effects of dietary supplementation of turmeric and ginger on the testicular and epididymal arginase activity in control and L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Data are presented as mean + SEM (n = 10). Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05). Control: Normotensive control rats placed on basal diet; Induced: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet; L-NAME + AT: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet + atenolol (10 mg/kg/day); RG Control: Normotensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% turmeric; RG + L-NAME: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% turmeric; WG Control: Normotensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% ginger; WG + L-NAME: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% ginger. Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi, et al. Toxicol Rep. 2015;2:1357-1366
Dietary supplementation of ginger and turmeric improves reproductive function in hypertensive male rats. Effects of dietary supplementation of turmeric and ginger on the testicular and epididymal arginase activity in control and L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Data are presented as mean + SEM (n = 10). Bars with different letters are statistically different (p < 0.05). Control: Normotensive control rats placed on basal diet; Induced: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet; L-NAME + AT: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet + atenolol (10 mg/kg/day); RG Control: Normotensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% turmeric; RG + L-NAME: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% turmeric; WG Control: Normotensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% ginger; WG + L-NAME: Hypertensive rats placed on basal diet supplemented with 4% ginger. Ayodele Jacob Akinyemi, et al. Toxicol Rep. 2015;2:1357-1366
Speculated modulus operandi of the nano Carbon (NC) in the turmeric smoke against bacterial cells.. From: The ethanopharmacological aspect of carbon nanodots in turmeric smoke. Sechul Chun, et al. Sci Rep. 2016;6:35586. Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Turmeric Extract, Morinda Citrifolia and 3% Sodium Hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis: An In-vitro Study.  Zone of inhibition with relation to turmeric hydroalcoholic extract. Bathula Vimala Chaitanya, et al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Oct;10(10):ZC55-ZC57. Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Turmeric Extract, Morinda Citrifolia and 3% Sodium Hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis: An In-vitro Study. Zone of inhibition with relation to turmeric hydroalcoholic extract. Bathula Vimala Chaitanya, et al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Oct;10(10):ZC55-ZC57.
Speculated modulus operandi of the nano Carbon (NC) in the turmeric smoke against bacterial cells.. From: The ethanopharmacological aspect of carbon nanodots in turmeric smoke. Sechul Chun, et al. Sci Rep. 2016;6:35586. Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Turmeric Extract, Morinda Citrifolia and 3% Sodium Hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis: An In-vitro Study. Zone of inhibition with relation to turmeric hydroalcoholic extract. Bathula Vimala Chaitanya, et al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Oct;10(10):ZC55-ZC57. Comparison of Antibacterial Efficacy of Turmeric Extract, Morinda Citrifolia and 3% Sodium Hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis: An In-vitro Study. Zone of inhibition with relation to turmeric hydroalcoholic extract. Bathula Vimala Chaitanya, et al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Oct;10(10):ZC55-ZC57.
Protection of Trabecular Bone in Ovariectomized Rats by Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is Dependent on Extract Composition. Effect of two months of curcuminoid-containing turmeric extracts on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and micro-computerized tomography (μCT), respectively. Three-month old female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 9–11 animals/group) were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated ip for two months with vehicle, a complex turmeric fraction (41% curcuminoids by weight), or a curcuminoid-enriched extract of turmeric (94% curcuminoids by weight). Both extract doses were normalized to curcuminoid content (60 mg/kg, three times per week). Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Values that do not share the same superscript are significantly different at p < 0.05 for the respective timepoint. (A) After two months of treatment (d 56), BMD was significantly decreased in OVX-vehicle treated animals relative to sham-vehicle. Complex turmeric treatment had no effect on BMD relative to OVX-vehicle treated animals, however, treatment with curcuminoid-enriched turmeric extract significantly protected BMD, preventing 50% loss. (B) Effects of treatment on BMD were confirmed by μCT, a more sensitive measure of three-dimensional content and architecture of trabecular bone. Treatment effects on BV/TV mirrored BMD results on d 56, confirming a lack of effect of treatment with complex turmeric, and approximately 50% protection of BV/TV conferred by treatment with curcuminoid-enriched turmeric. Laura E. Wright, et al. J Agric Food Chem. ;58(17):9498-9504
Protection of Trabecular Bone in Ovariectomized Rats by Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is Dependent on Extract Composition. Effect of two months of curcuminoid-containing turmeric extracts on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and micro-computerized tomography (μCT), respectively. Three-month old female Sprague Dawley rats (n = 9–11 animals/group) were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated ip for two months with vehicle, a complex turmeric fraction (41% curcuminoids by weight), or a curcuminoid-enriched extract of turmeric (94% curcuminoids by weight). Both extract doses were normalized to curcuminoid content (60 mg/kg, three times per week). Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Values that do not share the same superscript are significantly different at p < 0.05 for the respective timepoint. (A) After two months of treatment (d 56), BMD was significantly decreased in OVX-vehicle treated animals relative to sham-vehicle. Complex turmeric treatment had no effect on BMD relative to OVX-vehicle treated animals, however, treatment with curcuminoid-enriched turmeric extract significantly protected BMD, preventing 50% loss. (B) Effects of treatment on BMD were confirmed by μCT, a more sensitive measure of three-dimensional content and architecture of trabecular bone. Treatment effects on BV/TV mirrored BMD results on d 56, confirming a lack of effect of treatment with complex turmeric, and approximately 50% protection of BV/TV conferred by treatment with curcuminoid-enriched turmeric. Laura E. Wright, et al. J Agric Food Chem. ;58(17):9498-9504

844 Diseases Researched for Turmeric.
Oxidative Stress237518
Inflammation105263
Breast Cancer94125
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 242125
Prostate Cancer65109
Lipid Peroxidation43108
Chemically-Induced Liver Damage45107
Alzheimer's Disease59105
Osteoarthritis17104
Colorectal Cancer3999
Lung Cancer7092
DNA damage5091
Colon Cancer6387
Obesity3287
Depression1484
Liver Cancer5284
Pancreatic Cancer3573
Osteoarthritis: Knee671
Cancers: All6570
Insulin Resistance1969
Cancers: Drug Resistant5067
Arthritis1564
Cardiovascular Diseases1462
Glioblastoma1962
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Toxicity4460
Neurodegenerative Diseases3859
Tumors2359
Hyperglycemia1258
Endothelial Dysfunction2256
Liver Fibrosis3456
Gingivitis753
Oral Cancer2352
Chronic Pain451
Wound Healing1951
Radiation Induced Illness2450
Skin Cancer2250
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases2148
Cancer Metastasis3644
Depressive Disorder544
Alcohol Toxicity2043
Dental Plaque541
Melanoma3441
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)1141
Arsenic Poisoning1340
Diabetes: Cardiovascular Illness1240
Memory Disorders1440
Metabolic Diseases840
Colitis2039
Gastric Cancer2739
Brain Inflammation2538
Ulcerative Colitis838
Cholestasis737
Head and Neck Cancer1936
Psoriasis1136
Aging1334
Atherosclerosis1634
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)634
HIV Infections1734
High Fat Diet1734
Leukemia2934
Multiple Myeloma1434
Radiation Induced Illness: Mucositis534
Stress834
Cervical Cancer2733
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Cisplatin2232
HDL: Low332
Hyperlipidemia1632
Parkinson's Disease2232
Diabetic Complications1431
Hypertension1231
Leukoplakia431
Rheumatoid Arthritis931
Asthma1230
Chemical Weapon Agent Injury: Sulfur Mustard330
Hemodialysis230
Myocardial Infarction1030
Aflatoxicosis1429
Benzo[a]pyrene-induced Toxicity1529
Cancers: Multi-Drug Resistant2829
Irritable Bowel Syndrome729
Cholesterol: Oxidation1228
Brain Ischemia1327
High Cholesterol1027
Leukemia: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)727
Ovarian Cancer2427
Squamous cell carcinoma1927
Bladder Cancer1926
Breast Cancer: Triple Negative1626
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 11426
Helicobacter Pylori Infection1326
Nicotine/Tobacco Toxicity1126
Cadmium Poisoning1325
Diabetic Nephropathy925
Glioma1825
Spinal Cord Injuries924
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2: Prevention323
Diabetes: Oxidative Stress723
Malaria1623
Pulmonary Fibrosis1223
Metabolic Syndrome X422
Muscle Damage: Exercise-Induced322
Prostate: PSA Doubling422
Advanced Glycation End products (AGE)621
Dementia721
Diabetes221
Oral Submucous Fibrosis321
Uveitis321
ALT: Elevated220
Abdominal Obesity (Midsection Fat)120
Anxiety120
C-Reactive Protein: Diabetes-Associated120
Cerebral Ischemia1020
Cholesterol: LDL/HDL ratio220
Cognitive Decline/Dysfunction1120
Colon Polyps620
Dental Care120
Dyslipidemias620
Dyspepsia220
Kidney Damage920
Lichen Sclerosus120
Obesity: Abdominal120
Pesticide Toxicity1320
Premenstrual syndrome220
Prostatic Hyperplasia120
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM)220
Triglycerides: Elevated620
Carcinoma: Non-Small-Cell Lung1419
Diabetic Retinopathy719
Epilepsy1019
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)919
Multiple Sclerosis719
Myocardial Ischemia1019
Promyelocytic leukemia1919
Fatty Liver1018
Alcoholic Liver Disease517
Anxiety Disorders517
Arthritis: Rheumatoid617
Cataract1017
Endotoxemia917
Gastric Ulcer917
Brain Injury: Traumatic916
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Bleomycin816
Coronary Artery Disease416
Oral Cancer: Prevention516
Postmenopausal Disorders316
Staphylococcus aureus infection1416
Allergies1015
Aluminum Toxicity715
Brain Cancer615
Cholesterol: High415
Lung Injury: Acute815
Macular Degeneration515
Periodontal Diseases515
Periodontitis515
Stroke: Attenuation/Recovery915
Brain: Microglial Activation1114
Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicity314
Dejerine-Sottas Disease314
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis314
High Fructose Diet714
Lead Poisoning614
Leukemia: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)514
Lymphoma1214
Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO)714
Neuropathic Pain814
Seizures614
Allergic Airway Diseases713
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease413
Crohn's Disease413
Diabetes: Cognitive Dysfunction713
Gastrointestinal polyps313
Heart Failure713
Ischemia713
Liver Damage: Aflatoxin-Induced713
Mucositis313
Neuroblastoma913
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias213
Skin Diseases: Photo-Aging313
Smoking313
Thalassemia413
Vitiligo313
Allergic Rhinitis212
Arteriosclerosis612
Brain Injury: Hippocampal Damage712
COPD212
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity812
Depression212
Drug-Induced Toxicity612
Eye Diseases312
Hypoxia912
Insulin: Low212
Left Ventricular Dysfunction212
Maculopathy: Age-Related212
Muscle Soreness: Exercise-Induced212
Oral Lichen Planus212
Osteoporosis712
Pain612
Precancerous Conditions212
Prostatitis: Chronic212
Pruritus212
Radiotherapy212
Tendon Injury212
Thrombosis612
Thyroid Diseases212
Tuberculosis212
Tuberculosis Drug Induced Toxicity212
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Toxicity611
Clostridium Infections211
Dry Eye Syndromes211
Esophageal Cancer911
Glaucoma211
Immune Disorders: Low Immune Function611
Liver Damage711
Mitochondrial Dysfunction811
Muscle Atrophy711
Neurofibromatosis211
Overweight211
Parasitic Diseases611
Prostate Cancer: Metastatic211
Sepsis711
Acute Myeloid Leukemia610
Biliary Dyskinesia110
Brain Damage610
Breast Cancer: Metastatic810
Bronchial Asthma110
Caesarean section: Recovery110
Chemical Exposure510
Chemical Weapon Agent Injury110
Chemotherapy710
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Cyclophosphamide610
Coronary Bypass Surgery110
Diabetes: Kidney Function510
Diabetic Microangiopathy110
Diarrhea110
Epileptic Seizures410
Gallbladder Disease110
Gammopathy: Monoclonal110
Gastrointestinal Inflammation510
Halitosis110
Headache: Migraine110
Hemoglobinopathies110
Hyperalgesia510
Hypercholesterolemia410
Insulin Disorders110
Interstitial Lung Diseases110
Leukemia: B-Cell110
Lichen Planus110
Lung Diseases110
Lupus Nephritis110
Maculopathy110
Mastitis110
Monoclonal Gammopathies110
Orbital Pseudotumor110
Organ Transplantation: Kidney110
Pancreatitis610
Peptic Ulcer110
Photooxidative Stress110
Plasma beta amyloid protein concentrations: elevated110
Plasma catalase activities: elevated110
Postoperative Recovery110
Proctitis110
Proctocolitis: Ulcerative110
Proteinuria410
Pulmonary Tubercolosis110
Quality of Life: Poor110
Respiratory Diseases110
Respiratory Infections: Infants & Children110
Respiratory Tract Infections110
Salivary amylase levels: elevated110
Sarcoidosis110
Scabies110
Soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs): elevated110
Spinal Cord Inflammation110
Stroke610
T-Cell Lymphoma: Cutaneous110
Tubercolosis: Latent110
Urinary Tract Infections110
Wound Healing: Delayed410
Aging: Brain59
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections59
Escherichia coli Infections99
Fungal Infection79
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections49
Hepatic Steatosis59
Liver Disease59
Nasopharyngeal Cancer89
Antibiotic Toxicity38
C-Reactive Protein48
Cardiac Hypertrophy68
Cystic Fibrosis78
Endometriosis58
Flukes48
Infertility: Male48
Intestinal Polyps48
Iron Overload78
Kidney Damage: Drug-Induced48
Kidney Fibrosis48
Memory Disorders: Drug-Induced48
Prediabetes38
Sperm Quality: Low48
Staphylococcus aureus: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA)38
Testicular Diseases48
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)57
Cachexia47
Cancer Stem Cells77
Colon Cancer: Prevention47
Colorectal Cancer: Prevention47
Drug Toxicity: Methotrexate47
Gastrointestinal Cancer47
Influenza A37
Leishmaniasis67
Lymphoma: B-Cell77
Myocardial Fibrosis47
Organ Transplantation57
Phthalate Toxicity47
Pseudomonas aeruginosa67
Amyloidosis36
Aneurysm: Aortic36
Atopic Dermatitis36
Autoimmune Diseases66
Brain Edema36
Candida Infection66
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Doxorubicin46
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Gentamicin36
Copper Toxicity46
Diabetes: Liver Disease36
Drug-Induced Toxicity: Indomethacin36
Endometrial Cancer46
Excitotoxicity66
Fluoride Toxicity36
Fructose-Induced Toxicity36
Gallstones36
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 226
Hyperinsulinism36
Immune Dysregulation: TH1/TH2 imbalance36
Intestinal Cancer36
Iron Poisoning46
Leptin: Elevated Levels46
Liver Damage: Drug-Induced46
Memory Loss36
Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma56
Osteosarcoma66
Retinoblastoma56
Toxoplasma gondii Infection46
Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Stem Cell15
Acute T cell Leukemias55
Bacterial Vaginosis15
Bisphenol Toxicity15
Brain: Oxidative Stress35
Burkitt Lymphoma45
Cholera15
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 1: Prevention35
Dioxin Toxicity35
Gastrointestinal Infections15
Glomerulosclerosis35
Hypersensitivity35
Intestinal Permeability35
Liver Cancer: Prevention35
Liver Cirrhosis35
Lupus Erythematosus: Systemic25
Pituitary Tumours45
Sjogren's Syndrome25
Toxoplasmosis35
Yeast Infection: Vaginal15
Acne24
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)44
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Infection24
Anti-Malarial Drug Toxicity24
Aortic Plaques14
Aortic Stenosis24
Bacterial Infections and Mycoses34
Blood Sugar Problems24
Blood-Brain-Barrier Disorders24
Brain Diseases34
Breast Cancer Stem Cells44
Burns24
Cerebral Ischemia: Transient24
Cerebral Stroke24
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease24
Chemotherapy Induced Myelotoxicity24
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Adriamycin24
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Vincristine24
Cholangiocarcinoma34
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia44
Cytomegalovirus Infections34
Demyelinating Diseases24
Diabetic Neuropathies24
Drug-Induced Toxicity: Cyclosporine24
Drug-Induced Toxicity: Haloperidol24
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy24
Encephalitis: Japanese34
Encephalopathies24
Enterococcus Infections44
Eosinophilic Meningitis24
Fever24
Fibrosarcoma24
Fibrosis: Liver24
Food Allergies24
Gastritis24
Giardiasis34
Hepatitis: Lectin-Induced (concanavalin)24
Hepatoma34
Herbicide Toxicity24
Homocysteine: Elevated24
Hypercapnia24
Intestinal Ischemia24
Klebsiella Infections24
Learning disorders24
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy24
Leptin Resistance24
Liver Diseases44
Lymphadenopathy14
Mesothelioma34
Morphine Tolerance/Dependence24
Neuropathies24
Organ Transplantation: Heart24
Organ Transplantation: Pancreatic Islet Cells34
Ovarian Diseases24
Pancreatic Cancer: Metastatic14
Peripheral Arterial Disease24
Peripheral Neuropathies24
Prion Diseases34
Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury24
Sickle Cell Anemia24
Sunburn34
Thyroid Cancer44
Tobacco Toxicity24
Tongue Cancer34
Acrylamide-induced toxicity23
Adiponectin: Low Levels23
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)23
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis23
Anaphylaxis23
Bacillus Cereus infection33
Bladder Cancer: Prevention23
Brain Hypoxia23
Cardiomegaly23
Cardiomyopathy23
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Mitomycin-C23
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Tamoxifen23
Circulating Free Fatty Acids: Elevated23
Colitis: Ulcerative13
Corticosteroid-Induced Toxicity33
Cortisol: High23
Dengue23
Diabetes: Cataract23
Diabetes: Glycation/A1C23
Ebola23
Endothelial Damage23
Heavy Metal Toxicity23
Hemangioendothelioma13
Hepatitis B33
Hepatitis C33
Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic Virus type 1 associated disease23
Huntington Disease23
Immune Dysregulation: TH1 dominance23
Inflammation: Neutrophil-Mediated23
Insect Bites: Repellent13
Intima Media Thickening23
Kidney Cancer33
Kidney Diseases23
Leiomyosarcoma33
Leukemia: Acute promyelocytic leukemia23
Leukemia: Monocytic23
Listeria Infections33
Lung Cancer Stem Cell23
Mitochondrial Diseases23
NSAID-induced toxicity23
Organ Transplantation: Liver23
Otitis media23
Parkinsonism23
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD)23
Rhabdomyosarcoma23
Schistosomiasis23
Scleroderma23
Skin Cancer: Squamous Cell33
Steroid-Induced Toxicity23
Subarachnoid hemorrhage23
Testicular Cancer23
A1C12
Acanthamoeba cyst infection22
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome12
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)12
Aging Skin12
Alcohol Withdrawal12
Allergic Conjunctivitis12
Allergy: Latex12
Alopecia12
Alveolitis: Fibrosing12
Amnesia12
Amnesia: Drug-Induced12
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)12
Anthrax12
Aortic Aneurysm12
Aphthous Ulcer12
Arterial Hardening: Elasticity12
Aspirin-Induced Toxicity12
Autism Spectrum Disorders12
Avian Influenza12
Benzene Toxicity12
Beryllium-induced Toxicity12
Biliary Cirrhosis12
Bipolar Disorder22
Bisphenol-A Toxicity12
Bladder Dysfunction12
Bone Fractures12
Brain Cancer Stem Cells22
Breast Cancer: Bone Metastasis22
Breast Cancer: Lung Metastasis12
Breast Cancer: Prevention12
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia12
Candida Albicans22
Cardiac Mortality12
Cardiomyopathy: Hypertrophic12
Carotid Artery Narrowing12
Carotid Stenosis12
Cerebral Vasospasm12
Cerebrovascular Disorders12
Chemical Exposure: Acrylonitrile12
Chemical Exposure: Nitrobenzene12
Chemotherapy-Induced Kidney Damage12
Chemotherapy-Induced Liver Toxicity12
Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity22
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: 5-fluorouracil12
Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity: Kidney12
Chikungunya Virus22
Cholangitis12
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome12
Chronic Hepatitis12
Cirrhosis12
Cognitive dysfunction: colchicine-induced12
Colon Cancer Stem Cells22
Colonic Spasm12
Corneal Diseases12
Coronary Stenting12
Cryptococcosis12
Cystitis12
Degenerative Disk Disease12
Dermatomycoses12
Diabetes: Bone Quality & Density12
Diabetic Neuropathy12
Diabetic Ulcer12
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation12
Dopamine Toxicity12
Drug-Induced Toxicity: Epilepsy Drugs12
Drug-Induced Toxicity: Methotrexate12
Drug-Induced Toxicity: Valproic Acid (Depakote)12
Duodenal Ulcer12
Ebola Virus Infections12
Emphysema: Pulmonary12
Enveloped Viruses12
Epithelial Neoplasms: Malignant12
Estrogen Dominance22
Exercise-Induced Tissue Damage12
Fatigue: Excercise-Induced12
Gallbladder Inflammation12
Gastroenteritis12
Glioblastoma Multiforme22
Glomerulonephritis12
Gonorrhea22
Graves Disease: Radioiodine therapy12
HIV Protease Inhibitor Ritonavir Toxicity12
HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD)12
HSV-212
Hemorrhagic Shock12
Hepatitis12
High Homocysteine12
Histiocytoma22
Hyperandrogenemia12
Hypertension: Arterial12
Hypertension: Pulmonary12
Hyperthyroidism12
Hypothyroidism12
IgA Deficiency12
Infant Infections12
Inflammatory Kidney Diseases12
Insomnia12
Interstitial Cystitis12
Intestinal Neoplasms12
Intestinal Spasm12
Intracerebral Hemorrhage12
Intracranial Hemmorhage12
Ischemia: Myocardial12
Jaundice12
Kidney Damage: Chemically-Induced12
Kidney Failure12
Kidney Failure: Chronic12
Kidney Infection12
Kidney Stones12
Kidney Transplant12
Klesiella Pneumonia Infection12
Leiomyoma22
Leukemia: Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)22
Leukemia: T-cell acute Lymphoblastic22
Leukodystrophy12
Liver Cancer Stem Cells22
Liver Cancer: Metastatic12
Liver Metastasis From Colon Cancer12
Liver Surgery12
Low Immune Function: Chemically-Induced12
Low Immune Function: Natural Killer Cells12
Low Immune Function: Splenic Dysfunction12
Lung Cancer: Prevention12
Lung Damage12
Lung Inflammation12
Lymphoma: Mantle Cell22
MSG Toxicity12
Malathion Toxicity12
Mastocytosis12
Medulloblastoma22
Melanoma: Choroidal12
Melanoma: Metastatic12
Menopausal Syndrome12
Mercury Poisoning12
Methanol Toxicity12
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus22
Micrococcus luteus infections22
Multi-Organ Failure12
Muscle Trauma/Injury12
Muscular Dystrophies12
Myelodysplastic Syndromes12
Myelotoxicity12
Myocardial Necrosis12
Myocarditis12
Necrotic Enteritis12
Necrotising enterocolitis12
Nephropathy12
Neural Tube Defects12
Neurologic Disorders12
Neuropathy12
Neuropathy: Alcoholic12
Obstructive Nephropathy12
Opisthorchiasis12
Osteoclastoma22
Osteopenia12
Osteoporosis: Age-Related12
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD)12
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate-Induced Toxicity12
Peripheral Nerve Diseases12
Pertussis12
Pesticide Toxicity: Cypermethrin12
Petroleum Exposure And Toxicity12
Pneumonia12
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome12
Prenatal Chemical Exposures12
Prenatal Herb Exposure12
Preterm Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)12
Pulmonary Diseases12
Pulmonary Hypertension12
Radiation Induced Illness: Liver12
Radiation-Induced Illness: Radioiodine (Iodine-131)12
Radiodermatitis12
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections22
Restenosis22
Retinal Diseases22
Retinitis Pigmentosa12
Salmonella Infections22
Scars22
Schistosoma japonicum infection12
Seizures: Drug-Induced12
Selenium Toxicity (Selenosis)12
Serotonin Disorders12
Sexual Development: Dysfunctions and Abnormalities12
Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)-induced damage12
Shock: Hemorrhagic12
Skin Cancer: Prevention12
Sperm Count: Low12
Staphylococcal Infections12
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection12
Stroke: Ischemic22
Stroke: Prevention12
Stroke: Recovery12
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome12
Tachycardia12
Testicular Injury: Cadmium-Induced12
Testicular Injury: Chemical/Metal Induced12
Testicular Injury: Nicotine-Induced12
Testosterone: Too Low12
Thallium Poisoning12
Thromboembolism12
Titanium Toxicity12
Transthyretin amyloidoses (ATTR)12
Traumatic Brain Injury12
Traumatic Memory Formation12
Urinary Bladder Diseases12
Urothelial Tumors12
Uterine Cramps12
Vaccinia virus12
Vascular Diseases: Hyperpermeability12
Viral Infections22
Wound Healing: Periodontal12
Xenobiotic Exposures22
AIDS11
Acinetobacter baumannii infection11
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Infection11
Amyloid toxicity11
Angioplasty11
Asbestos Toxicity11
Aspergillosis11
Astrocytoma11
Attention Deficit Disorder11
Autism11
Bacillus subtilis infections11
Bacterial Infections11
Basal Cell Carcinoma11
Breast Cancer: Chemically-Induced11
Breast Cancer: Drug Resistant11
Burkitt Cell Leukemia11
Cancer: Virus-Induced11
Candida Glabrata11
Candidiasis11
Carcinosarcomas11
Cardiovascular Disease: Prevention11
Cartilage Diseases11
Chlamydia Infections11
Chronic Disease11
Colorectal Tumors11
Contraception11
Corneal Neovascularization11
Cortisol: Low11
Cortisone Toxicity11
Coxsackievirus Infections11
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease11
Cryptosporidiosis11
Cushing's syndrome11
Dental Caries11
Dental Implantation11
Diabetes Insipidus11
Drug-Induced Toxicity: Progestin11
Ductal Carcinoma: Invasive11
Echinococcosis11
Embryonal Carcinoma11
Encephalomyelitis11
Enterovirus 7111
Estrogen Deficiency11
Eye Diseases: Vitreous Disorders11
Fibroid Tumor11
Fibrosis11
Follicular Lymphoma11
Food Poisoning11
Foodborne Pathogens: Prevention/Food Preservation11
Friend Virus11
Fungal Infections: Biofilm Formation/Resistance11
Gastric Cancer: Prevention11
Gastroesophageal Reflux11
Glioma: Astrocytic11
Gout11
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections11
H5N1 Infection11
HIV Drug-Induced Toxicity11
HIV Infections: Transmission11
HSV-111
Hantaan virus11
Head and Neck Neoplasms11
Hematologic Diseases11
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome11
Herpes Virus: Bovine11
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amine Induced Toxicity11
Hidradenitis Suppurativa11
Hodgkin Disease11
Hodgkin Lymphoma11
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)11
Hyperhomocysteinemia11
Hypoxia: Brain11
Immune Disorders11
Immune Disorders: B-Cell Over-Activity11
Infant Acute Monocytic Leukemia11
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)11
Infection: Antibiotic Resistant11
Influenza11
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF): Elevated11
Itching11
Keloid11
Leukemia: Multi-Drug Resistant11
Leukemia: Virus-Induced11
Liposarcoma11
Liver Steatosis11
Lung Cancer: Metastatic11
Lung Injury: Neutrophil-Induced11
Lymphangioendothelioma11
MRSA11
Marijuana Addiction/Withdrawal11
Musculoskeletal Diseases11
Myasthenia Gravis11
Mycobacterium abscessus11
Mycobacterium tuberculosis11
Myocarditis: Viral11
Napthalene-Induced Toxicity11
Nasopharyngeal Cancer Stem Cells11
Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL)11
Neutrophils: Elevated11
Nitrite Toxicity11
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma11
Norovirus11
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder11
Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell11
Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell11
Pancreatic Diseases11
Pancreatic Fibrosis11
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration11
Papillomavirus Infections11
Parasitic Intestinal Diseases11
Peroxynitrite Toxicity11
Polycystic Kidney Diseases11
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative disorder11
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR)11
Prostate Cancer Stem Cells11
Psychiatric Disorders11
RNA Virus Infections11
Radiation Induced Illness: Immune Suppression11
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis11
Respiratory Distress Syndrome11
Rhabdoid Tumor11
Rift Valley Fever11
Sarcoma11
Sarcoma: Ewing's11
Scars: Hyperplastic11
Schizophrenia11
Schwannoma11
Shigellosis11
Simian virus 40 (SV40)11
Skin Diseases11
Spinal Cord Diseases11
Spinal Muscular Atrophy11
Spongiform Encephalopathies: Transmissible11
Staurosporine Toxicity11
Steptococcus Mutans Infections11
Stomach Cancer11
Streptococcus Infections11
Submandibular Cancer11
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus11
Trypanosomiasis11
Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Damage11
Upper Respiratory Infections11
Uterine Cancer11
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus11
Vibrio parahaemolyticus11
Vibrio vulnificus infection11
Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia virus (VHSV)11
Weight Problems11
Wilson Disease11
Yersinia Infections11
Zika Virus11
Primary Effusion Lymphoma





when science meets nature